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Math 1

Math 1

✅ Core Objectives (What you need to know)

  • Common med-admin abbreviations (safe forms).
  • Medication Administration Rights (teach 10 Rights; some courses test 8).
  • 8 required components of an HCP order.
  • Routes of administration (enteral, parenteral, topical).
  • Safe med administration (MAR, documentation, leading/trailing zeros, rounding, temps, 24-hour time).

🧾 HCP Order: 8 Required Components

  1. Full patient name
  2. Drug name
  3. Date
  4. Time
  5. Route
  6. Dose
  7. Frequency
  8. Signature of prescriber

💊 Medication Administration Rights

10 Rights (modern, safest to memorize):

  1. Right patient · 2) Right drug · 3) Right dose · 4) Right time · 5) Right route · 6) Right documentation · 7) Right reason · 8) Right response · 9) Right education · 10) Right to refuse
If your test asks for 8 Rights, drop #7–10 or use your instructor’s list.

🧭 Routes of Administration (quick map)

Enteral: Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, NG/NI, PEG

Parenteral: ID, SubQ, IM, IV, Epidural, Intrathecal, Intraosseous, Intraperitoneal, Intrapleural, Intra-arterial

Topical/Mucosal: Dermatologic, Inhalation/Nasal, Ophthalmic, Otic, Vaginal, Rectal

Key positioning pearls

  • Otic: up & back (adult); down & back (<3 yrs)
  • Eye drops: lower conjunctival sac; press lacrimal duct
  • Nasal: head back; sideways for sinus target
  • Vaginal: lithotomy
  • Rectal: left lateral (Sims)

🧪 Abbreviations (safe forms)

  • AC before meals · PC after meals · PO by mouth · q every (q2h, q4h…) · qAM mornings · qhs bedtime · TID 3×/day · QID 4×/day · PRN as needed · cap capsule · tab tablet · mL, mg, mcg
  • ID intradermal · SubQ subcutaneous · IM intramuscular · IV intravenous · IVP IV push · IVPB IV piggyback · NKA no known allergies
  • JCAHO safety: write “daily” (not QD); write “Unit” (not U).

🛡️ Safe Med Admin (high-yield)

  • Nurse is accountable to standards. Use only written/CPOE orders.
  • Before giving: check MAR/prescription, diet/fluids, labs, brief assessment.
  • Interpret orders carefully; clarify if any doubt.
  • Triple-check labels with MAR; use bar-code when available.
  • Leading zero for <1 (e.g., 0.3 mg); no trailing zero (write 3 mg, not 3.0 mg).
  • Documentation: chart after administration; complete, timely, legible; record response.

🧮 Rounding & Conversions

Basic rounding rules

  • ≥1 → nearest tenth (one decimal).
  • <1 → nearest hundredth (two decimals).

Temperature

  • °C = (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8
  • °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32

24-hour clock (military time): 0200, 1200, 1400, 2400; FDA recommends.

Household ↔ Metric (must-know)

  • 1 tsp = 5 mL · 1 Tbsp = 15 mL · 1 fl oz = 30 mL
  • 1 pt ≈ 500 mL · 1 qt ≈ 1 L
  • 2.2 lb = 1 kg · 1 in = 2.54 cm

💥 Medication Errors (what to do)

  • First: assess patient, support ABCs, mitigate harm.
  • Then: notify, document, file safety report (non-punitive/Just Culture).
  • Prevention: CPOE, bar-coding, avoid unsafe abbreviations, distraction-free med zone.

🧩 PRACTICE—Answers to the items you listed

1) Rounding

  • 12.89 → 12.9
  • 0.968 → 0.97
  • 3.78 → 3.8
  • 0.569 → 0.57
  • 78.93 → 78.9
  • 0.457 → 0.46
  • 0.492 → 0.49

2) Temperature

  • 95 °F → 35.0 °C
    • (95−32)÷1.8 = 63÷1.8 = 35.0
  • 29 °C → 84.2 °F
    • (29×1.8)+32 = 52.2+32 = 84.2

3) Fluid Intake Conversion

  • 20 oz water + 18 oz juice = 38 oz
  • 38 oz × 30 mL/oz = 1,140 mL in 12 hours

📋 MAR (Medication Administration Record)

  • Legal record of all administered meds; format varies by facility.
  • Ensure entries are in the correct place, with correct time, and saved/submitted if electronic.