II. 🧠 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
👉 🧠 Mind Map – Week 2, Chapter 4
Coggle 🧠 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice, Nurses develop theories,…Nurses develop theories, test them through research, and apply them in practice.
👉 This shows the full cycle: theory → research → practice.
📖 Theory in Nursing
- A theory is like a guide or a “map” that explains how and why things happen.
- In nursing, theories help us understand patients, plan care, and predict what will happen.
- In Nursing: Explains phenomena such as self-care or caring.
- 📝 Defining ideas or concepts
- 🔗 Explaining relationships among concepts
- 🎯 Predicting outcomes
🔍 Types of Theory
- Metatheory → The “theory of theories.” It looks at how nursing knowledge is built. (Think: big picture, very abstract).
- Nursing Theory → Practical. It explains what nurses do, why they do it, and how it helps patients.
- Example: Orem’s Self-Care Theory → Patients get better when they learn to care for themselves.
- Example: Watson’s Caring Theory → Caring is the core of nursing.
Notable Theorists (These dudes are important, read them) ” They give us a foundation. ”
- Nightingale (1910): Environment manipulation for health.
- Peplau (1999): Interpersonal relationships, nurse–patient partnership.
- Henderson: Assist in activities for health, recovery, and peaceful death.
- Orem (2007): Self-care theory.
- Roy: Patient as adaptive system; goal = adaptation.
- Watson (Living): Interpersonal caring; restore health, prevent illness.
- Leininger (2012): Transcultural nursing, cultural care.
- Benner: Caring is central → coping, connection, helping.
D. Links: Theory, Knowledge, Research
- Theory + Research = Scientific foundation of nursing.
- Art: Experience & practice.
- Science: Tested knowledge.
Theories not only apply to patient care but also to communication with other members of the health care team
Florence Nightingale First nurse epidemiologist; Crimean War volunteer; nursing philosophy; sanitation reforms; founder of first nursing school; Contributed to the Standards of Nursing Care.
Mary Adelaide Nutting First nursing professor; integrated nursing education into universities.
Clara Barton Founder of the American Red Cross.
Mary Ann Ball & Dorothea Dix Organized hospitals/ambulances during Civil War; appointed nurses; walked abandoned battlefields looking for wounded soldiers.
Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster Founded Henry Street Settlement; provided care for poor in NYC.
Mary Mahoney First professionally trained African American nurse.
Harriet Tubman Assisted with Underground Railroad. Provided nursing care to wounded black soldiers, freed slaves
Isabel Hampton Robb Founded ANA (originally Nurses’ Alumnae Association).
Nightingale (1910) Environment manipulation for health.
Peplau (1999) Interpersonal relationships; nurse–patient partnership.
Henderson Assist in activities for health, recovery, peaceful death.
Orem (2007) Self-care theory.
Roy Patient as adaptive system; goal = adaptation.
Watson (Living) Interpersonal caring; restore health, prevent illness.
Leininger (2012) Transcultural nursing; cultural care.
Benner Caring is central → coping, connection, helping.